Charcot arthropathy is a progressive musculoskeletal condition characterized by joint dislocation, fractures and deformities. It results in progressive destruction of bone and soft-tissue of weight-bearing joints, most commonly in the foot and ankle. It is most commonly due to diabetes.

Symptoms and signs

The clinical presentation varies depending on the stage of the disease from mild swelling to severe swelling and moderate deformity. Inflammation, erythema, pain and increased skin temperature (3-7 degrees celsius) around the joint may be noticeable on examination. X-rays may reveal bone resorption and degenerative changes in the joint. These findings in the presence of intact skin and loss of protective sensation are pathognomic of acute Charcot arthropathy.

Roughly 75% of patients experience pain, but it is less than what would be expected based on the severity of the clinical and radiographic findings.

Treatment

Treatment is usually non-operative, consisting of reduction of stress on the joint by casting, avoiding weight bearing where possible, and elevation to reduce blood flow (decreasing inflammation and bone loss). Only about 25% of cases require surgery. Additionally for those folks with diabetes, properly fit diabetic shoes can help alleviate the symptoms associated with Charcot Foot. To see how diabetic shoes can help you, click here.